Research Article Published: September 22, 2025 Volume 1, Issue 7

Optimization of Pulverized Glass Content for Sustainable and Durable Concrete Production

Authors

Toheeb Animashaun1

Affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Temitope Oseni2

Affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kwara State University, Nigeria.

Victor Oki3

Affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

Oladepo Oladipupo4

Affiliation: Independent Researcher.

Femi John5

Affiliation: Independent Researcher.

Adetonna Oluwatosin6

Affiliation: Independent Researcher.

Jimoh Azeez5

Affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the potential of using pulverized glass as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in concrete, focusing on how it affects the mechanical properties of the resulting composite. By exploring various replacement levels of pulverized glass, the project identified an optimal balance that enhances both the sustainability and performance of concrete.
An experimental work was performed to study the slump, unit weight, compressive strength, dry density and water absorption of concrete partially substituted with pulverized glass. A concrete mix with a target mean strength of 20N/mm² was designed using a standard 1:2:4 mix ratio. Pulverized glass was used to partially replace the fine aggregate at replacement percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% in accordance to relevant literature. The concrete was then cast into cubes and allowed to cure for 7, 14, and 28 days at room temperature in a laboratory.
The results indicate that workability increases with higher pulverized glass content, with slump values rising from 30 mm for the control mix to 46 mm at 15% replacement. However, compressive strength generally decreased as the replacement percentage increased. The 5% replacement mix achieved the highest compressive strength among the modified mixes, with an average 28-day strength of 19.72 N/mm² compared to 20.68 N/mm² for the control mix. Nine concrete mixes were examined using discarded glass in place of 0%, 5%, and 15% of the weight of sand. The study concludes that, crushed glass can substitute up to 5% of fine aggregate in concrete, which helps lessen the effects of sand mining. This concrete can be regarded as eco-friendly since it uses less raw materials and has fewer negative environmental effects.

Keywords

Pulverized glass Fine aggregate replacement Sustainable concrete Workability Compressive strength Waste glass recycling Eco-friendly concrete Green construction materials Partial substitution

Downloads

Download Full Paper (PDF)

Full Research Paper

Complete research article with detailed methodology, results, and references.

How to Cite

APA Style:

Animashaun, T., Oseni, T., Oki, V., Oladipupo, O., John, F., Oluwatosin, A., & Azeez, J. (2025). Optimization of Pulverized Glass Content for Sustainable and Durable Concrete Production. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Related Sciences, 1(7), 23-32.

IEEE Style:

T. Animashaun, T. Oseni, V. Oki, O. Oladipupo, F. John, A. Oluwatosin, and J. Azeez, "Optimization of Pulverized Glass Content for Sustainable and Durable Concrete Production," International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Related Sciences, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 23-32, 2025.

References

  1. 1. Ahmad, S. and Aimin, Xu (2004) Value-added utilization of waste glass in Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 81-89.
  2. 2. Alemu, M. L., Degefe, M., Fekadu, F. F., Girum, C. and Yada, T. B. (2024) Experimental study on Suitability of waste plastic and glass as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete production, Constr. Mater., Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 581-596.
  3. 3. Aliabdo, A. A., Elmoaty, M. A. and Aboshama, A. Y. (2016) Utilization of waste glass powder in cement and concrete production, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 124, pp. 866-877.
  4. 4. Anand, B. Z. and Yogesh, D.P (2021) Utilization of waste glass powder as a cementitious material in Concrete, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science, Vol. 1070, pp. 1720-40.
  5. 5. Aper, E., Samson N. A., and Paul, J. A. (2020) The optimum amount of waste glass aggregate that can substitute fine aggregate in concrete, Aksaray University Journal.
  6. 6. Bajad, M. N., Modhera, C. D. and Desai, A. K. (2011) Effect of glass on strength of concrete subjected to sulphate attack, International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1-13.
  7. 7. Bhupinderject, S. and Ritesh, J. (2018) A review of the use of waste glass in concrete, Journal of Pharmacognosy, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 218-223.
  8. 8. Caiju, S. and Keren, Z. (2001) A review on the use of waste glasses in the production of cement and concrete, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 234-247.
  9. 9. Chaofeng, L., Xin, L., Youchao, Z., Zhiyu, I. and Zhiming, M. (2024) Development of eco-friendly engineered cementitious composite with both waste powder and aggregate, Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 95.
  10. 10. Danish, K., Mehdi, S., David, J. W., Sadaf, Q. and Pik, C. Y. (2021) The potential use of waste glass in concrete.
  11. 11. Dinesh, J., Preetha, R. and Subhi (2017) Investigation of recycled glass as a replacement for fine aggregate, IJARBEST, Vol. 2, Issue 3.
  12. 12. Eric, A., Ahmed, S-A and Edmund, B. (2019). An investigation of mechanical behavior of concrete containing crushed waste glass, Mechanical Behavior of Concrete, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 1285-1303.
  13. 13. Fadya, S. K., Abdulla, S. and Laith, K. A. (2024) Properties of conventional concrete containing waste glass powder, AIP Conf. Proc., Vol. 2864.
  14. 14. Federico, L.M. and Chidiac, S. E. (2009) Waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos., Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 608-610.
  15. 15. Gautam, S.P., Vikas, S. and Agarwal, V. C. (2012) Use of glass wastes as fine aggregate in concrete, J. Acad. Ind. Res., Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 320-322.
  16. 16. Goliya, H. S. and Mahajan, M. (2008) Effect of glass powder and fly ash on concrete strength, International Journal on Design and Manufacturing Technologies, Vol. 3, No. 3.
  17. 17. Grippin Powers Finnane (2024) Recycled and waste glass as a sustainable substitute for aggregate and cement in concrete, Construction Management, Vol. 766.
  18. 18. Hariharan, S. and Punitha, K. A. (2024) Properties of high-performance concrete incorporating toughened glass waste, Structures, Vol. 60.
  19. 19. Hassan, F. A. and Pekrioglu-Balkis, A. (2024) Utilization of crushed waste glass as a partial replacement for sand in cement mortar, EPSTEM, Vol. 28, pp. 259-276.
  20. 20. Hossam, A. E., Mohamed, A. A. H. and Rifat, N. R. (2014) Effect of new mixing method of glass powder as cement replacement, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 205, pp. 75-82.
  21. 21. Jain, K. L., Gaurav, S. and Lalit, K. G. (2020) Durability performance of concrete with granite and glass powders, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 252.
  22. 22. Jani, Y. and Hoyland, W. (2014) Waste glass in the production of concrete: A review, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 1767-1775.
  23. 23. Josmar, C. and Josette, C. (2012) Utilization of imploded glass in structural concrete, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 29, pp. 299-301.
  24. 24. Kamali, M. and Ghahremaninezhad, A. (2016) An investigation into hydration and microstructure of cement paste modified with glass powders, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 112, pp. 915-924.
  25. 25. Kavyateja, B.V., Narasimha, P. R. and Uamsi, U.M. (2016) Study of strength characteristics of crushed glass used as fine aggregate, IJRET, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 157-160.
  26. 26. Lalitha, G., Sasidhar, C. and Ramachandrudu, C. (2017) A review paper on strength and durability studies on concrete fine aggregate replaced with recycled crushed glass, IJCIET, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 199-202.
  27. 27. Lavanya, D. P., Yaswanth, P., Rebka, Y. and Hemanth, A. (2023) Evaluating the mechanical performance of waste glass powder as fine aggregate substitute, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 1860.
  28. 28. Zhi, H., Caijun, S. and Jianminy, S. (2009) Effect of glass powder on chloride transport and alkali-aggregate reaction, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Materials Science Edition, Vol. 24, pp. 312-317.