Research Article Published: December 15, 2025 Volume 1, Issue 9

Design and Validation of an ESP32-Based Digital Instrument for Real-Time Urine Volume Monitoring in Composite Textile Diapers

Authors

Rachel Apssona1

Affiliation: Research Laboratory of Computer Science Engineering and Automation, ENSET, University of Douala, Cameroon.

Bruno Kenfack2

Affiliation: University of Dschang, Faculty of Medicine, Dschang, Cameroon.

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel biomedical digital instrument designed for the acquisition and local monitoring of urinary volume within a hydrophilic composite textile medium composed of cotton and Luffa cylindrical fabrics. The system utilizes a specialized sensor that transduces cumulative urine volume (Q) into an output voltage (Us) under a controlled supply voltage. Third-order polynomial models characterizing the nonlinear relationships between voltage and volume were analytically derived from experimental data using MATLAB's Curve Fitting Tool.
The analog signals are digitized and processed using an ESP32 system-on-chip (SoC), chosen for its high performance and IoT capabilities. A custom C++ application developed within the Arduino IDE facilitates real-time signal processing and visualization. Comparative analysis confirms that the digital signals displayed on the virtual monitor accurately mirror the analog waveforms captured by a storage oscilloscope, validating the instrument's effectiveness for low-cost, high-quality smart diaper applications.

Keywords

Biomedical Instrumentation ESP32 SoC Smart Textiles Urinary Incontinence Monitoring Digital Signal Processing MATLAB Curve Fitting

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How to Cite

APA Style:

Apssona, R., & Kenfack, B. (2025). Design and Validation of an ESP32-Based Digital Instrument for Real-Time Urine Volume Monitoring in Composite Textile Diapers. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Related Sciences, 1(9), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17597198

IEEE Style:

R. Apssona and B. Kenfack, "Design and Validation of an ESP32-Based Digital Instrument for Real-Time Urine Volume Monitoring in Composite Textile Diapers," International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Related Sciences, vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 10-17, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17597198

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DOI

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17597198