Research Article Published: May 15, 2025 Volume 1, Issue 3

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characterization of Lead (II) Ion Biosorption Using Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Pseudo stem Biomass: Isotherm Modeling and Mechanistic Analysis

Authors

Adeyemi, O.A.*1

Affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Bello, A.K.2

Affiliation: Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

Eze, C.P.2

Affiliation: Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: Adeyemi, O.A.

Abstract

This study investigates the efficacy of plantain pseudo stem (PPS), an agricultural waste material, as a biosorbent for lead (II) ion removal from aqueous solutions. The research employs comprehensive thermodynamic and kinetic analysis to understand the biosorption mechanisms and optimize removal efficiency through isotherm modeling.

The experimental methodology involved characterizing the PPS biomass using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups responsible for lead ion binding. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions including pH (2-8), contact time (5-180 minutes), initial lead concentration (10-100 mg/L), and temperature (298-328 K).

Results demonstrated that optimal lead removal (94.8%) occurred at pH 6.0 with 120 minutes contact time. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.987), indicating monolayer adsorption with maximum capacity of 45.2 mg/g. Kinetic studies revealed that the biosorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting step.

Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the biosorption process was spontaneous (ΔG° < 0), endothermic (ΔH° = +42.8 kJ/mol), and characterized by increased randomness (ΔS° = +148.6 J/mol·K). The study demonstrates that plantain pseudo stem biomass represents a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable biosorbent for lead remediation in wastewater treatment applications.

Keywords

Plantain pseudo stem Lead ion remediation Adsorption isotherms Biosorption kinetics Thermodynamic analysis Wastewater treatment

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How to Cite

APA Style:

Adeyemi, O.A., Bello, A.K., & Eze, C.P. (2025). Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characterization of Lead (II) Ion Biosorption Using Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Pseudo stem Biomass: Isotherm Modeling and Mechanistic Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Related Sciences, 1(3), 1.

IEEE Style:

O.A. Adeyemi, A.K. Bello, and C.P. Eze, "Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characterization of Lead (II) Ion Biosorption Using Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Pseudo stem Biomass: Isotherm Modeling and Mechanistic Analysis," International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Related Sciences, vol. 1, no. 3, paper 1, 2025.

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